There is no cure for STDs caused by viruses, but treatment can relieve or eliminate symptoms and help keep the STD under control. Treatment also reduces the risk of passing on the STD to a partner.
Untreated STDs may lead to serious complications. For example, untreated gonorrhea in women can cause pelvic inflammatory disease , which may lead to infertility. Sexually transmitted diseases STDs , also called sexually transmitted infections STIs , are infections that spread from person to person through sexual activity, including anal, vaginal, or oral sex. These behaviors include the following: Having sex without a condom.
They are very small and difficult to see, but a person will likely notice itching in the areas they affect. The first stage in the life cycle will be the appearance of the eggs.
This stage lasts for around 6—10 days. After hatching, the lice will look like tiny crabs. They need blood to survive and will live for around 2—3 weeks. In the last couple of days, the females will lay more eggs, and the cycle will continue.
Pubic lice can spread during close physical contact, including sexual contact. They can also transmit via shared towels or bed linen. However, they cannot spread via toilet seats. These are available over the counter from most drugstores and pharmacies. It is essential to follow the instructions precisely. If pubic lice are affecting the hair near the eyes, the person may need a prescription medication. The herpes simplex virus HSV is a common virus that affects the skin, cervix, and genitals, as well as some other parts of the body.
HSV-1 usually affects the mouth. It can pass to the genital area during oral sex. HSV-2 can affect the genital area, the anal area, and the mouth. It transmits through vaginal, oral, and anal sex. Herpes cannot spread via utensils, toilet seats, swimming pools, soaps, or bedding. However, if a person touches a body part where herpes is present and then touches another part of their body, the herpes can spread to that area.
Once herpes is present, it stays in the body. It usually remains dormant, however, and many people will never develop symptoms. The main symptoms are blisters around the mouth, anus, or genital area. These blisters can break, causing a painful sore that takes a week or longer to heal. Some people never have symptoms, some have only an initial outbreak, and some have repeated outbreaks.
The first bout is usually the most severe, but people with compromised immune systems — due, for example, to HIV — have a higher risk of experiencing severe symptoms overall. Having herpes can also increase the chance of contracting or transmitting HIV. There is currently no cure, but medication can help relieve any symptoms. Daily antiviral medications can help prevent the spread of herpes. Hepatitis B can cause a long-term infection and result in liver damage.
Once a person has the virus, it can remain in their semen, blood, and other bodily fluids. This infection can pass to a baby during pregnancy or delivery. However, a doctor can advise on ways to prevent this. As long as the nipples are not cracked, the risk of transmitting the virus through breast milk is negligible, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC. People at high risk of contracting hepatitis B should ask their doctor about a vaccine, which can offer some protection.
The vaccine may not provide long-term immunity, however, and the person may need booster doses for continued protection. Learn more about hepatitis B here. Trichomoniasis, or trich, can affect anyone, but females are more likely to experience symptoms.
Trichomonas vaginalis is the cause of this infection. In females, it is most likely to affect the vagina. In males, the infection can develop in the urethra. Trich can also lead to pregnancy complications and increase the chance of both contracting and transmitting HIV. A doctor can prescribe medications to resolve trich, but both partners will likely need treatment, or the infection may return.
Without treatment, trich can last for months or years. Learn more about trichomoniasis here. Fact: Many STDs have no symptoms or only mild symptoms, especially in women. Some STDs may have symptoms that go away for a while but then come back.
STDs can damage your body, and you can spread them to your partner even if you have no symptoms. Fact: Left untreated, most STDs can lead to serious conditions.
They can cause infertility, urinary tract problems, and cancers of the vulva, cervix, vagina, penis, and anus. No STD is harmless. Myth: You can catch an STD from a toilet seat, telephone or other object used by an infected person. Fact: STDs are transmitted by vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
Some STDs may spread to a baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Factors that may increase that risk include:. Having unprotected sex. Vaginal or anal penetration by an infected partner who isn't wearing a latex condom significantly increases the risk of getting an STI. Improper or inconsistent use of condoms can also increase risk.
Oral sex may be less risky, but infections can still be transmitted without a latex condom or a dental dam — a thin, square piece of rubber made with latex or silicone.
Certain STIs — such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV and syphilis — can be passed from mothers to their infants during pregnancy or delivery. STIs in infants can cause serious problems or even death. All pregnant women should be screened for these infections and treated. Get vaccinated. Getting vaccinated early, before sexual exposure, is also effective in preventing certain types of STIs.
If not fully vaccinated at ages 11 and 12, the CDC recommends getting the vaccine through age The hepatitis B vaccine is usually given to newborns, and the hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for 1-year-olds. Both vaccines are recommended for people who aren't already immune to these diseases and for those who are at increased risk of infection, such as men who have sex with men and IV drug users.
Use condoms and dental dams consistently and correctly. Use a new latex condom or dental dam for each sex act, whether oral, vaginal or anal. Never use an oil-based lubricant, such as petroleum jelly, with a latex condom or dental dam. Condoms made from natural membranes are not recommended because they're not effective at preventing STIs. Also, keep in mind that while latex condoms reduce your risk of exposure to most STIs , they provide less protection for STIs involving exposed genital sores, such as HPV or herpes.
Also, nonbarrier forms of contraception, such as birth control pills or intrauterine devices IUDs , don't protect against STIs. Consider using preexposure prophylaxis PrEP. They're emtricitabine plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Truvada and emtricitabine plus tenofovir alafenamide fumarate Descovy.
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