Labor force: 3. Industries: a few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication. Natural resources: uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves. Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: , ; mobile cellular: , Broadcast media: 2 private TV stations rebroadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN; Somaliland has 1 government-operated TV station and Puntland has 1 private TV station; Radio Mogadishu operated by the transitional government; 1 SW and roughly 10 private FM radio stations broadcast in Mogadishu; several radio stations operate in central and southern regions; Somaliland has 1 government-operated radio station; Puntland has roughly a half dozen private radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available Internet users: , Transportation: Railways: 0 km.
Highways: total: 22, km; paved: 2, km; unpaved: 19, km est. Ports and harbors: Berbera, Kismaayo. Airports: 61 International disputes: Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist Courts from Mogadishu in January ; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera to landlocked Ethiopia and have established commercial ties with other regional states; "Puntland" and "Somaliland" "governments" seek international support in their secessionist aspirations and overlapping border claims; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading south across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists.
Major sources and definitions. It is bounded by Djibouti in the northwest, Ethiopia in the west, and Kenya in the southwest. In area it is slightly smaller than Texas. Generally arid and barren, Somalia has two chief rivers, the Shebelle and the Juba.
Between Jan. A fragile parliamentary government was formed in , but it expired in without establishing control of the country. In , a new transitional parliament was instituted and elected a president.
From the 7th to the 10th century, Arab and Persian trading posts were established along the coast of present-day Somalia. Nomadic tribes occupied the interior, occasionally pushing into Ethiopian territory. In the 16th century, Turkish rule extended to the northern coast, and the sultans of Zanzibar gained control in the south. After British occupation of Aden in , the Somali coast became its source of food. The French established a coal-mining station in at the site of Djibouti, and the Italians planted a settlement in Eritrea.
Egypt, which for a time claimed Turkish rights in the area, was succeeded by Britain. By , a British and an Italian protectorate occupied what is now Somalia. The British ruled the entire area after , with Italy returning in to serve as United Nations trustee for its former territory.
By , Britain and Italy granted independence to their respective sectors, enabling the two to join as the Republic of Somalia on July 1, On Oct. In , Somalia openly backed rebels in the easternmost area of Ethiopia, the Ogaden Desert, which had been seized by Ethiopia at the turn of the century. Somalia acknowledged defeat in an eight-month war against the Ethiopians that year, having lost much of its 32,man army and most of its tanks and planes.
President Siad Barre fled the country in late Jan. His departure left Somalia in the hands of a number of clan-based guerrilla groups, none of which trusted each other. Africa's worst drought of the century occurred in , and, coupled with the devastation of civil war, Somalia was plunged into a severe famine that killed , The last of the U. Since Somalia has been engulfed in anarchy. Sharif Sheikh Ahmed became President of Somalia. Despite the peace agreement, conflict still raged in the country and the government had little control in the south.
Hard-line Islamists within the ICU movement formed radical opposition groups, including Al-Shabaab, and continued to fight. The Ethiopian occupation created a fertile environment for recruitment to Al-Shabaab and others. Casualties on both sides continue to be reported. Al-Shabaab have claimed responsibility for a number of massacres, including several high-profile attacks on Kenyan civilians as retaliation for the Kenyan intervention in Somalia.
Al-Shabaab fighters training for combat. A History of African Archaeology. Currey, , p. Historical Dictionary of Somalia.
Oxford: The Scarecrow Press, , p. The Invention of Somalia. Lawerenceville: The Red Sea Press, , p. Understanding Somalia and Somaliland. London: Hurst Publishers, , p. The Journal of African History 1, no. A Modern History of the Somali. Oxford: James Curry, , p. The Journal of African History 5, no. Networks of Dissolution: Somalia Undone. Boulder: Westview Press, , p. The Journal of Modern African Studies 17, no. Accessed 23 August Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, , p.
London: C. Accessed 25 August Ahmed, Ali Jimale, ed. Lawerenceville: The Red Sea Press, Hansen, StigJarle. Hess, Robert L. International Crisis Group. Laitin, David D. Lewis, I. Oxford: James Curry, London: Hurst Publishers, Somalia is an African country located in the Horn of Africa a peninsula forming the easternmost projection of Africa. The Equator passes through southern Somalia. So while most of Somalia lies in the Northern Hemisphere, a small part stretches into the Southern Hemisphere.
Longitudinally, Somalia is located entirely in the Eastern Hemisphere. It has land borders with only two countries; Kenya to the southwest and Ethiopia to the west.
Somalia Bordering Countries : Kenya , Ethiopia. Regional Maps : Map of Africa. The blank outline map respresents mainland Somalia. The country also has several oceanic islands which cannot be observed on this map. The country is said to be shaped like a tilted number seven. The Gulf of Aden lies along Somalia's northern border. This channel also runs along the northeastern border of Somalia, acting as a divider between Somalia and Socotra, which is an archipelago of the Western Asian country of Yemen.
With a latitude of 5. Similarly, Somalia is to the north of the equator. The longitude of Somalia is the coordinate of These GPS coordinates show that Somalia is found above the equator. In the north, Somalia's furthest point is in Alula, which is a coastal town in Somalia's province of Bari.
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